String declaration: There is no string data type in c. So string is declared as the array of characters.
Syntax: char variable-name[size];
e.g: char S[10];
String initialization: like the integer array the character array can also initialized at the time of declaration. The two following methods are for string initialization.
- char name[13]=”jatin sharma”;
- char name[13]={’j’,’a’,’t’,’i’,’n’,’ ’,’s’,’h’,’a’,’r’,’m’,’a’,’\0’};
we have used 13 size for the string because in the last the compiler automatically inserts the ‘\0’ which called null character. And remember ‘ ’ space is also a character.
Run time initialization: we have many functions to initialize the string at run time. These are:
scanf(): scanf() function is also used for the other data types and it used ‘%s’ in the function.
Syntax: scanf(“%s”,variable-name);
e.g: scanf(“%s”,str);
getchar(): getchar() function is used for read only one character.
Syntax: variable=getchar();
e.g: char a;
a=getchar();
gets(): gets() function is used for input a line of string.
Syntax: char variable-name[size];
gets(variable);
e.g: char str[20];
gets(str);